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Kernel panic - not syncing: VFS: Unable to Mount root fs on unknown-block(@, 0)

During boot the kernel attempted to mount the root filesystem but failed. This failure causes the kernel to panic—that is, it stops the boot process because it cannot continue safely without a valid root filesystem

Your receive an error when booting ( or after rebooting ) 

Kernel panic - not syncing: VFS: Unable to Mount root fs on unknown-block(@, 0)

The relevant information

[ 0.7243431] List of all partitions:  
[ 0.7243981] No filesysten could Mount root, tried:
[ 0.7243981]

And

Kernel panic - not syncing: VFS: Unable to Mount root fs on unknown-block(@, 0)

Run these commands:

fsck -r -y /dev/sda1
mount /dev/sda1 /mnt
chroot /mnt
update-initramfs -u -k all

Unload the CD-ROM and reset the system